diff --git a/cwAudioDeviceFile.cpp b/cwAudioDeviceFile.cpp
index 001496b..c64f7d4 100644
--- a/cwAudioDeviceFile.cpp
+++ b/cwAudioDeviceFile.cpp
@@ -1102,14 +1102,14 @@ cw::rc_t cw::audio::device::file::test( const object_t* cfg)
   rc_t               rc2            = kOkRC;
   const char*        ifname         = nullptr;
   const char*        ofname         = nullptr;
-  struct driver_str  driver         = {0};
+  struct driver_str  driver         = {};
   struct driver_str* driver_ptr     = &driver;
   unsigned           bitsPerSample  = 0; // zero indicates floating point sample format for output audio file
   unsigned           sleepMicrosec  = 0;
   const char*        devLabel       = "dev_file";
   unsigned           devIdx         = 0;
   unsigned           framesPerCycle = 0;
-  cb_object_t        obj            = { 0 };
+  cb_object_t        obj            = {};
   void*              cbArg          = &obj;
   audiofile::info_t  info;
   handle_t           h;
diff --git a/cwAudioFileProc.cpp b/cwAudioFileProc.cpp
index 51c1518..13c9c1b 100644
--- a/cwAudioFileProc.cpp
+++ b/cwAudioFileProc.cpp
@@ -302,7 +302,7 @@ cw::rc_t cw::afop::file_processor( const char* srcFn, const char* dstFn, proc_fu
   audiofile::handle_t          srcAfH;
   audiofile::handle_t          dstAfH;
   audiofile::info_t            info;
-  proc_ctx_t                   proc_ctx  = {0};
+  proc_ctx_t                   proc_ctx  = {};
 
   if( hopSmpN > wndSmpN )
     return cwLogError(kInvalidArgRC,"The hop sample count (%i) cannot exceed the window sample count (%i).", hopSmpN, wndSmpN );
diff --git a/cwCommonImpl.h b/cwCommonImpl.h
index 438e948..7b59c59 100644
--- a/cwCommonImpl.h
+++ b/cwCommonImpl.h
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ namespace cw
 {
 
   
-#define cwAssert(cond) while(1){ if(!(cond)){ cwLogFatal(kAssertFailRC,"Assert failed on condition:%s",#cond ); } break; }
+#define cwAssert(C) while(1){ if(!(C)){ cwLogFatal(kAssertFailRC,"Assert failed on condition:%s",#C ); } break; }
 
 
   
diff --git a/cwCsv.cpp b/cwCsv.cpp
index c6aa024..3db4498 100644
--- a/cwCsv.cpp
+++ b/cwCsv.cpp
@@ -113,6 +113,7 @@ namespace cw
               continue;
                 
             state = c==dquote ? kInQuotedField : kInField;
+            [[fallthrough]];
             
           case kInField:
             if(c == field_seperator_char )
diff --git a/cwDataSets.cpp b/cwDataSets.cpp
index e453aa8..127327b 100644
--- a/cwDataSets.cpp
+++ b/cwDataSets.cpp
@@ -2647,7 +2647,7 @@ cw::rc_t cw::dataset::test( const object_t* cfg )
           printf("%3i : ",j);
           
           // print the first 5 images from each batch to an SVG file
-          for(unsigned i=0; i<0; ++i,++imageN)
+          for(unsigned i=0; i<5; ++i,++imageN)
           {
             printf("%i ", numbV[i] );
 
diff --git a/cwFlow.cpp b/cwFlow.cpp
index 55ce23d..09a1e6e 100644
--- a/cwFlow.cpp
+++ b/cwFlow.cpp
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ namespace cw
       class_members_t* members;
     } library_t;
     
-    library_t library[] = {
+    library_t g_library[] = {
       { "audio_in",        &audio_in::members },
       { "audio_out",       &audio_out::members },
       { "audioFileIn",     &audioFileIn::members },
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ namespace cw
 
     class_members_t* _find_library_record( const char* label )
     {
-      for(library_t* l = library; l->label != nullptr; ++l)
+      for(library_t* l = g_library; l->label != nullptr; ++l)
         if( textCompare(l->label,label) == 0)
           return l->members;
 
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ namespace cw
       return rc;
     }
     
-    rc_t  _parse_class_cfg(flow_t* p, const library_t* library, const object_t* classCfg)
+    rc_t  _parse_class_cfg(flow_t* p, const object_t* classCfg)
     {
       rc_t rc = kOkRC;
 
@@ -1012,7 +1012,7 @@ namespace cw
     rc_t _create_instance( flow_t* p, const object_t* inst_cfg )
     {
       rc_t              rc         = kOkRC;
-      inst_parse_vars_t pvars      = {0};
+      inst_parse_vars_t pvars      = {};
       instance_t*       inst       = nullptr;
       class_desc_t*     class_desc = nullptr;      
 
@@ -1576,7 +1576,7 @@ cw::rc_t cw::flow::create( handle_t&          hRef,
   p->deviceN    = deviceN;
 
   // parse the class description array
-  if((rc = _parse_class_cfg(p,library,&classCfg)) != kOkRC )
+  if((rc = _parse_class_cfg(p,&classCfg)) != kOkRC )
   {
     rc = cwLogError(kSyntaxErrorRC,"Error parsing the class description list.");
     goto errLabel;    
diff --git a/cwIo.cpp b/cwIo.cpp
index 9d23d5d..9e551f3 100644
--- a/cwIo.cpp
+++ b/cwIo.cpp
@@ -3882,10 +3882,10 @@ void cw::io::latency_measure_setup(handle_t h)
   p->latency_meas_enable_fl                = true;
   p->latency_meas_thresh_db  = -50;
   p->latency_meas_thresh_lin = pow(10.0,p->latency_meas_thresh_db/20.0);
-  p->latency_meas_result.note_on_input_ts  = {0};
-  p->latency_meas_result.note_on_output_ts = {0};
-  p->latency_meas_result.audio_in_ts       = {0};
-  p->latency_meas_result.audio_out_ts      = {0};
+  p->latency_meas_result.note_on_input_ts  = {};
+  p->latency_meas_result.note_on_output_ts = {};
+  p->latency_meas_result.audio_in_ts       = {};
+  p->latency_meas_result.audio_out_ts      = {};
   p->latency_meas_result.audio_in_rms_max  = 0;
   p->latency_meas_result.audio_out_rms_max = 0;
 
diff --git a/cwIoMidiRecordPlay.cpp b/cwIoMidiRecordPlay.cpp
index bdaa225..161e2ff 100644
--- a/cwIoMidiRecordPlay.cpp
+++ b/cwIoMidiRecordPlay.cpp
@@ -648,14 +648,14 @@ namespace cw
 
     rc_t _transmit_note( midi_record_play_t* p, unsigned ch, unsigned pitch, unsigned vel, unsigned microsecs )
     {
-      time::spec_t ts = {0};
+      time::spec_t ts = {};
       time::microsecondsToSpec( ts, microsecs );
       return _event_callback( p, kInvalidId, ts, kInvalidId, nullptr, ch, midi::kNoteOnMdId, pitch, vel, 0 );
     }
 
     rc_t _transmit_ctl(  midi_record_play_t* p, unsigned ch, unsigned ctlId, unsigned ctlVal, unsigned microsecs )
     {
-      time::spec_t ts = {0};
+      time::spec_t ts = {};
       time::microsecondsToSpec( ts, microsecs );
       return _event_callback( p, kInvalidId, ts, kInvalidId, nullptr, ch, midi::kCtlMdId, ctlId, ctlVal, 0 );
     }
@@ -1826,7 +1826,7 @@ unsigned cw::midi_record_play::label_to_device_index( handle_t h, const char* de
 const char* cw::midi_record_play::device_index_to_label( handle_t h, unsigned devIdx )
 {
   midi_record_play_t* p = _handleToPtr(h);
-  return  0 <= devIdx && devIdx < p->midiDevN ? p->midiDevA[devIdx].label : nullptr;
+  return  devIdx < p->midiDevN ? p->midiDevA[devIdx].label : nullptr;
 }
 
 cw::rc_t cw::midi_record_play::seek( handle_t h, time::spec_t seek_timestamp )
@@ -1897,7 +1897,7 @@ unsigned cw::midi_record_play::event_loc( handle_t h )
 {
   midi_record_play_t* p  = _handleToPtr(h);
   
-  if( !p->recordFl && 0 <= p->msgArrayOutIdx &&  p->msgArrayOutIdx <  p->msgArrayN )
+  if( !p->recordFl && p->msgArrayOutIdx <  p->msgArrayN )
     return p->msgArray[ p->msgArrayOutIdx ].loc;
   
   return kInvalidId;
diff --git a/cwIoPresetSelApp.cpp b/cwIoPresetSelApp.cpp
index 701dd87..54c9e7a 100644
--- a/cwIoPresetSelApp.cpp
+++ b/cwIoPresetSelApp.cpp
@@ -445,7 +445,7 @@ namespace cw
                                     "crossFadeCount",       app->crossFadeCnt,
                                     "beg_play_loc",         app->beg_play_loc,
                                     "end_play_loc",         app->end_play_loc,
-            "dflt_perf_label",      app->dflt_perf_label,
+                                    "dflt_perf_label",      app->dflt_perf_label,
                                     "live_mode_fl",         app->useLiveMidiFl,
                                     "enable_recording_fl",  app->enableRecordFl,
                                     "midi_record_dir",      midi_record_dir,
@@ -3564,20 +3564,21 @@ cw::rc_t cw::preset_sel_app::main( const object_t* cfg, int argc, const char* ar
 {
 
   rc_t rc;
-  app_t app = { .trackMidiFl = true,
-                .pvWndSmpCnt = 512,
-                .sdBypassFl  = false,
-                .sdInGain    = 1.0,
-                .sdCeiling   = 20.0,
-                .sdExpo	     = 2.0,
-                .sdThresh    = 60.0,
-                .sdUpr	     = -1.1,
-                .sdLwr	     = 2.0,
-                .sdMix	     = 0.0,
-                .cmpBypassFl = false,
-                .dflt_perf_app_id = kInvalidId
-		
-  };
+  app_t app = {};
+  app.trackMidiFl      = true;
+  app.pvWndSmpCnt      = 512;
+  app.sdBypassFl       = false;
+  app.sdInGain         = 1.0;
+  app.sdCeiling        = 20.0;
+  app.sdExpo           = 2.0;
+  app.sdThresh         = 60.0;
+  app.sdUpr            = -1.1;
+  app.sdLwr            = 2.0;
+  app.sdMix            = 0.0;
+  app.cmpBypassFl      = false;
+  app.dflt_perf_app_id = kInvalidId;
+	
+  
   const object_t* params_cfg = nullptr;
 
   unsigned              vtMapN  = vtbl::get_ui_id_map_count();
diff --git a/cwLex.cpp b/cwLex.cpp
index 1245e00..5eca99b 100644
--- a/cwLex.cpp
+++ b/cwLex.cpp
@@ -723,7 +723,7 @@ unsigned           cw::lex::getNextToken( handle_t h )
     }
 
     // update the lexer state
-    p->curTokenId      = maxIdx==kInvalidIdx ? kUnknownLexTId : p->mfp[ maxIdx ].typeId;    
+    p->curTokenId      = maxIdx==kInvalidIdx ? (unsigned)kUnknownLexTId : p->mfp[ maxIdx ].typeId;    
     p->curTokenCharIdx = p->ci;
     p->curTokenCharCnt = maxCharCnt;
       
diff --git a/cwMidiAlsa.cpp b/cwMidiAlsa.cpp
index b59bc59..cc969a7 100644
--- a/cwMidiAlsa.cpp
+++ b/cwMidiAlsa.cpp
@@ -75,7 +75,8 @@ namespace cw
         } alsa_device_t;
 
 #define _cmMpErrMsg( rc,  alsaRc, str )       cwLogError(kOpFailRC,"%s : ALSA Error:%i %s",(str),(alsaRc),snd_strerror(alsaRc))
-#define _cmMpErrMsg1( rc, alsaRc, fmt, arg )  cwLogError(kOpFailRC, fmt"%s : ALSA Error:%i %s",(arg),(alsaRc),snd_strerror(alsaRc))
+#define _cmMpErrMsg1( rc, alsaRc, fmt, arg )  cwLogError(kOpFailRC, fmt" : ALSA Error:%i %s",(arg),(alsaRc),snd_strerror(alsaRc))
+#define _cmMpWarnMsg2( alsaRc, fmt, arg0, arg1 )  cwLogWarning(fmt" : ALSA Error:%i %s",(arg0),(arg1),(alsaRc),snd_strerror(alsaRc))
       
         alsa_device_t* _handleToPtr( handle_t h ){ return handleToPtr<handle_t,alsa_device_t>(h); }
 
@@ -301,8 +302,9 @@ namespace cw
           snd_seq_client_info_t*    cip  = NULL;
           snd_seq_port_info_t*      pip  = NULL;
           snd_seq_port_subscribe_t *subs = NULL;
-          unsigned                  i,j,k,arc;
-
+          unsigned                  i,j,k;
+          int arc;
+          
           for(i=0; i<kCtoD_MapN; ++i)
             p->clientIdToDevIdxMap[i] = kInvalidIdx;
 
@@ -354,11 +356,16 @@ namespace cw
           snd_seq_port_info_set_timestamp_queue(pip, p->alsa_queue);
 
           // create the client port
-          if((p->alsa_addr.port = snd_seq_create_port(p->h,pip)) < 0 )
+          //if((p->alsa_addr.port = snd_seq_create_port(p->h,pip)) < 0 )
+          if((arc = snd_seq_create_port(p->h,pip)) < 0 )
           {
-            rc = _cmMpErrMsg(kOpFailRC,p->alsa_addr.port,"ALSA client port creation failed.");
+            rc = _cmMpErrMsg(kOpFailRC,arc,"ALSA client port creation failed.");
             goto errLabel;
           }
+          else
+          {
+            p->alsa_addr.port = arc;
+          }
 
 
           p->devCnt = 0;
@@ -426,7 +433,9 @@ namespace cw
               unsigned       caps = snd_seq_port_info_get_capability(pip);
               snd_seq_addr_t addr = *snd_seq_port_info_get_addr(pip);
 
-              if( cwIsFlag(caps,SND_SEQ_PORT_CAP_READ) )
+              //printf("0x%x 0x%x %s %s\n",type,caps,name,port);
+
+              if( cwIsFlag(caps,SND_SEQ_PORT_CAP_READ) && cwIsFlag(caps,SND_SEQ_PORT_CAP_SUBS_READ) )
               {
                 assert(j<p->devArray[i].iPortCnt);
                 p->devArray[i].iPortArray[j].inputFl   = true;
@@ -443,12 +452,12 @@ namespace cw
                 snd_seq_port_subscribe_set_time_update(subs, 1);
                 snd_seq_port_subscribe_set_time_real(subs, 1);
                 if((arc = snd_seq_subscribe_port(p->h, subs)) < 0)
-                  rc = _cmMpErrMsg1(kOpFailRC,arc,"Input port to app. subscription failed on port '%s'.",cwStringNullGuard(port));
+                  _cmMpWarnMsg2(arc,"Input port to app. subscription failed on device:%s port '%s'.",cwStringNullGuard(name),cwStringNullGuard(port));
 
                 ++j;
               }
 
-              if( cwIsFlag(caps,SND_SEQ_PORT_CAP_WRITE) )
+              if( cwIsFlag(caps,SND_SEQ_PORT_CAP_WRITE) && cwIsFlag(caps,SND_SEQ_PORT_CAP_SUBS_WRITE) && cwIsNotFlag(type,SND_SEQ_PORT_TYPE_APPLICATION) )
               {
                 assert(k<p->devArray[i].oPortCnt);
                 p->devArray[i].oPortArray[k].inputFl   = false;
@@ -461,7 +470,7 @@ namespace cw
                 snd_seq_port_subscribe_set_sender(subs, &p->alsa_addr);
                 snd_seq_port_subscribe_set_dest(  subs, &addr);
                 if((arc = snd_seq_subscribe_port(p->h, subs)) < 0 )
-                  rc = _cmMpErrMsg1(kOpFailRC,arc,"App to output port subscription failed on port '%s'.",cwStringNullGuard(port));
+                  _cmMpWarnMsg2(arc,"App to output port subscription failed on device:%s port '%s'.",cwStringNullGuard(name), cwStringNullGuard(port));
        
                 ++k;
               }
diff --git a/cwMidiDevice.h b/cwMidiDevice.h
index 7461356..6c8b16d 100644
--- a/cwMidiDevice.h
+++ b/cwMidiDevice.h
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-#ifndef cwMidiPort_H
-#define cwMidiPort_H
+#ifndef cwMidiDevice_H
+#define cwMidiDevice_H
 
 
 namespace cw
diff --git a/cwMidiFile.cpp b/cwMidiFile.cpp
index 4c8237a..9731650 100644
--- a/cwMidiFile.cpp
+++ b/cwMidiFile.cpp
@@ -1832,11 +1832,11 @@ void cw::midi::file::calcNoteDurations( handle_t h, unsigned flags )
     {
       unsigned  k = ch*kMidiNoteCnt + d0;
 
-      // there should be no existing sounding note instance for this pitch
+      // if the note gate is not activated (i.e. key is up) but the note is still sounding (e.g. held by pedal)
       if( noteGateM[k] == 0 && noteM[k] != NULL )
       {
-        if( warningFl )
-          cwLogWarning("%i : Missing note-off instance for note on:%s",m->uid,midi::midiToSciPitch(d0,NULL,0));
+        //if( warningFl )
+        //  cwLogWarning("%i : Missing note-off instance for note on:%s",m->uid,midi::midiToSciPitch(d0,NULL,0));
 
         if( cwIsFlag(flags,kDropReattacksMfFl) )
         {
diff --git a/cwMidiFileDev.cpp b/cwMidiFileDev.cpp
index 44947cb..ba4a064 100644
--- a/cwMidiFileDev.cpp
+++ b/cwMidiFileDev.cpp
@@ -427,14 +427,13 @@ namespace cw
         {
           if( p->cbFunc != nullptr )
           {
-            packet_t pkt = {
-              .cbArg    = p->cbArg,
-              .devIdx   = p->base_dev_idx,
-              .portIdx  = file_idx,
-              .msgArray = msgA,
-              .msgCnt   = msgN
-            };
-
+            packet_t pkt = {};
+            pkt.cbArg    = p->cbArg;
+            pkt.devIdx   = p->base_dev_idx;
+            pkt.portIdx  = file_idx;
+            pkt.msgArray = msgA;
+            pkt.msgCnt   = msgN;
+            
             p->cbFunc( &pkt, 1 );
           }
         }
diff --git a/cwPresetSel.cpp b/cwPresetSel.cpp
index da022ea..0324269 100644
--- a/cwPresetSel.cpp
+++ b/cwPresetSel.cpp
@@ -405,10 +405,12 @@ namespace cw
 
     rc_t _validate_preset_id( const frag_t* frag, unsigned preset_id )
     {
-      bool fl =  (preset_id < frag->presetN) && (frag->presetA[ preset_id ].preset_idx == preset_id);
-
-      return fl ? kOkRC : cwLogError(kInvalidIdRC,"The preset id '%i' is invalid on the fragment at loc:%i.",preset_id,frag->endLoc);
-        
+      rc_t rc = kOkRC;
+      
+      if(  (preset_id >= frag->presetN) || (frag->presetA[ preset_id ].preset_idx != preset_id)  )
+        rc = cwLogError(kInvalidIdRC,"The preset id '%i' is invalid on the fragment at loc:%i.",preset_id,frag->endLoc);
+      
+      return rc;        
     }
 
     bool _is_master_var_id( unsigned varId )
diff --git a/cwScoreFollowTest.cpp b/cwScoreFollowTest.cpp
index 1b00ed0..da158ca 100644
--- a/cwScoreFollowTest.cpp
+++ b/cwScoreFollowTest.cpp
@@ -236,7 +236,7 @@ namespace cw
 
                 if( perfMeasH.isValid() )
                 {
-                  perf_meas::result_t pmr = {0};
+                  perf_meas::result_t pmr = {};
 
                   // Call performance measurement unit
                   if( perf_meas::exec( perfMeasH, e, pmr ) == kOkRC && pmr.loc != kInvalidIdx && pmr.valueA != nullptr )
@@ -603,7 +603,7 @@ cw::rc_t cw::score_follow_test::test( const object_t* cfg )
   perf_meas::handle_t      perfMeasH;
   perf_meas::params_t perf_meas_params;
   
-  test_t t = {0};
+  test_t t = {};
 
   t.sf_args.enableFl = true;
   
diff --git a/cwScoreFollower.cpp b/cwScoreFollower.cpp
index 2f27677..7412a8e 100644
--- a/cwScoreFollower.cpp
+++ b/cwScoreFollower.cpp
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ cw::rc_t cw::score_follower::write_sync_perf_csv( handle_t h, const char* out_fn
             sectionLabel = e->section != nullptr ? e->section->label : "";
             curBarNumb   = std::max(bar,curBarNumb);
             dlevel       = e->dynLevel;
-            loc          = resultA[i].oLocId == kInvalidId ? score_parse::kInvalidLocId : resultA[i].oLocId;
+            loc          = resultA[i].oLocId == kInvalidId ? (unsigned)score_parse::kInvalidLocId : resultA[i].oLocId;
             break;
           }
         }
diff --git a/cwSfScore.cpp b/cwSfScore.cpp
index 686fde7..bb9119c 100644
--- a/cwSfScore.cpp
+++ b/cwSfScore.cpp
@@ -606,7 +606,7 @@ namespace cw
       // Both of these assertions should have been previously verified
       // by the score validation process.      
       assert( set->locN >= 2 );
-      assert( set->evtCnt >= 0 );
+      //assert( set->evtCnt >= 0 );
 
       bool printFl = false; //set->evtArray[0]->barNumb == 272;
       
diff --git a/cwSvgScoreFollow.cpp b/cwSvgScoreFollow.cpp
index cbfd257..880ea7d 100644
--- a/cwSvgScoreFollow.cpp
+++ b/cwSvgScoreFollow.cpp
@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ namespace cw
         // write the ref-note 
         for(ssf_ref_note_t* rn=r->refNoteL; rn!=nullptr; rn = rn->link)
         {
-          unsigned pitch = rn->evt == nullptr ? midi::kInvalidMidiPitch : rn->evt->pitch;
+          unsigned pitch = rn->evt == nullptr ? (unsigned)midi::kInvalidMidiPitch : rn->evt->pitch;
           unsigned cnt   = rn->cnt > 1 ? rn->cnt : kInvalidCnt;
           bool noMatchFl = rn->cnt == 0;
           if((rc = _write_rect_pitch( p, r->left-offset_x, rn->top, "ref_note", pitch, noMatchFl, cnt, rn->cwLocId )) != kOkRC )
diff --git a/cwTime.cpp b/cwTime.cpp
index 5ffb647..ef7f211 100644
--- a/cwTime.cpp
+++ b/cwTime.cpp
@@ -57,14 +57,14 @@ cw::time::spec_t cw::time::current_time()
 #endif
 
 unsigned long long cw::time::elapsedMicros( const spec_t& t0, const spec_t& t1 )
-{
+{  
   const unsigned long long ns_per_sec = 1000000000;
   const unsigned long long us_per_sec = 1000000;
   const unsigned long long ns_per_us =  1000;
 
   // we assume that the time is normalized
-  assert( t0.tv_nsec < (const long long)ns_per_sec );
-  assert( t1.tv_nsec < (const long long)ns_per_sec );
+  assert( t0.tv_nsec < (long long)ns_per_sec );
+  assert( t1.tv_nsec < (long long)ns_per_sec );
 
   if( t0.tv_sec > t1.tv_sec )
   {
diff --git a/cwUi.cpp b/cwUi.cpp
index 5792db7..509fbc7 100644
--- a/cwUi.cpp
+++ b/cwUi.cpp
@@ -2116,7 +2116,8 @@ cw::rc_t cw::ui::registerAppIdMap(  handle_t h, const appIdMap_t* map, unsigned
 cw::rc_t cw::ui::sendValueBool( handle_t h, unsigned uuId, bool value )
 {
   ui_t* p  = _handleToPtr(h);
-  value_t v = { .tid=kBoolTId };
+  value_t v = {};
+  v.tid = kBoolTId;
   v.u.b = value;
   return _sendValue(p,kInvalidId,uuId,v);
   
@@ -2126,7 +2127,8 @@ cw::rc_t cw::ui::sendValueBool( handle_t h, unsigned uuId, bool value )
 cw::rc_t cw::ui::sendValueInt( handle_t h, unsigned uuId, int value )
 {
   ui_t* p  = _handleToPtr(h);
-  value_t v = { .tid=kIntTId };
+  value_t v = {};
+  v.tid = kIntTId;
   v.u.i = value;
   return _sendValue(p,kInvalidId,uuId,v);
   
@@ -2137,7 +2139,8 @@ cw::rc_t cw::ui::sendValueUInt( handle_t h, unsigned uuId, unsigned value )
 {
   ui_t* p  = _handleToPtr(h);
 
-  value_t v = { .tid=kUIntTId };
+  value_t v = {};
+  v.tid = kUIntTId;
   v.u.u = value;
   return _sendValue(p,kInvalidId,uuId,v);
   
@@ -2147,7 +2150,8 @@ cw::rc_t cw::ui::sendValueUInt( handle_t h, unsigned uuId, unsigned value )
 cw::rc_t cw::ui::sendValueFloat( handle_t h, unsigned uuId, float value )
 {
   ui_t* p  = _handleToPtr(h);
-  value_t v = { .tid=kFloatTId };
+  value_t v = { };
+  v.tid = kFloatTId;
   v.u.f = value;
   return _sendValue(p,kInvalidId,uuId,v);
   
@@ -2158,7 +2162,8 @@ cw::rc_t cw::ui::sendValueFloat( handle_t h, unsigned uuId, float value )
 cw::rc_t cw::ui::sendValueDouble( handle_t h, unsigned uuId, double value )
 {
   ui_t* p  = _handleToPtr(h);
-  value_t v = { .tid=kDoubleTId };
+  value_t v = {};
+  v.tid=kDoubleTId;
   v.u.d = value;
   return _sendValue(p,kInvalidId,uuId,v);
   
@@ -2168,7 +2173,8 @@ cw::rc_t cw::ui::sendValueDouble( handle_t h, unsigned uuId, double value )
 cw::rc_t cw::ui::sendValueString( handle_t h, unsigned uuId, const char* value )
 {
   ui_t* p  = _handleToPtr(h);
-  value_t v = { .tid=kStringTId };
+  value_t v = {};
+  v.tid = kStringTId;
   v.u.s = value;
   return _sendValue(p,kInvalidId,uuId,v);
   
diff --git a/cwUiTest.cpp b/cwUiTest.cpp
index 43bdbd1..cefc571 100644
--- a/cwUiTest.cpp
+++ b/cwUiTest.cpp
@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ namespace cw
         case kFloatId:
           printf("Float: %f\n",v->u.f);
           p->appFloat = v->u.f;
-
+          break;
 
         case kPanelBtn1Id:
           {
diff --git a/cwVariant.cpp b/cwVariant.cpp
index 7c9f763..404d67e 100644
--- a/cwVariant.cpp
+++ b/cwVariant.cpp
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ namespace cw
       { kPtrVFl | kFloatVFl,  "float_ptr",  "p", sizeof(float) },
       { kPtrVFl | kDoubleVFl, "double_ptr", "p", sizeof(double) },
 
-      { 0, nullptr, 0 }
+      { 0, nullptr, nullptr, 0 }
 
     };
   
diff --git a/cwVelTableTuner.cpp b/cwVelTableTuner.cpp
index 05f3f24..6df6938 100644
--- a/cwVelTableTuner.cpp
+++ b/cwVelTableTuner.cpp
@@ -705,7 +705,7 @@ namespace cw
     cw::rc_t _set_pitch( vtbl_t* p, unsigned vseqPitch )
     {
       rc_t rc = kOkRC;
-      if( 0<= vseqPitch && vseqPitch < 128)
+      if( vseqPitch < 128)
         p->vseqPitch = vseqPitch;
       else
       {
@@ -716,7 +716,7 @@ namespace cw
 
     cw::rc_t _validate_midi_value( vtbl_t* p, unsigned midiValue )
     {
-      if( 0 <= midiValue && midiValue < 128 )
+      if( midiValue < 128 )
         return kOkRC;
 
       return _set_status(p,kInvalidArgRC,"%i is an invalid 8 bit MIDI value.",midiValue);
diff --git a/cwWebSock.cpp b/cwWebSock.cpp
index 156dfca..6382066 100644
--- a/cwWebSock.cpp
+++ b/cwWebSock.cpp
@@ -180,8 +180,10 @@ namespace cw
           cwLogInfo("Websocket connection closed.\n");
       
           ws->_connSessionN -= 1;
+          
+          cwAssert( protoState->sessionN > 0 );
+
           protoState->sessionN   -= 1;
-          cwAssert( protoState->sessionN >= 0 );
 
           if( ws->_cbFunc != nullptr)
             ws->_cbFunc(ws->_cbArg,proto->id,sess->id,kDisconnectTId,nullptr,0);
@@ -538,16 +540,16 @@ cw::rc_t cw::websock::create(
   int logs = LLL_USER | LLL_ERR | LLL_WARN | LLL_NOTICE;
 	lws_set_log_level(logs, nullptr);
 
-  p->_event_loop_ops_custom = {
-    .name                  = "custom",
-    .init_vhost_listen_wsi = _custom_sock_accept,
-    .init_pt               = _custom_init_private,
-    .wsi_logical_close     = _custom_wsi_logical_close,
-    .sock_accept           = _custom_sock_accept,
-    .io                    = _custom_io,
-    .evlib_size_pt         = sizeof(struct pt_eventlibs_custom) 
-  };
+  p->_event_loop_ops_custom = {};
+  p->_event_loop_ops_custom.name                  = "custom";
+  p->_event_loop_ops_custom.init_vhost_listen_wsi = _custom_sock_accept;
+  p->_event_loop_ops_custom.init_pt               = _custom_init_private;
+  p->_event_loop_ops_custom.wsi_logical_close     = _custom_wsi_logical_close;
+  p->_event_loop_ops_custom.sock_accept           = _custom_sock_accept;
+  p->_event_loop_ops_custom.io                    = _custom_io;
+  p->_event_loop_ops_custom.evlib_size_pt         = sizeof(struct pt_eventlibs_custom);
 
+    
   p->_evlib_custom = {
     .hdr = {
       "custom event loop",